Cardioland: Echo Bank

Echocardiographic Techniques And Specialized Methods

Parasternal long axis|f03_002.jpg|v03_002.mov|Transthoracic two dimensional echocardiogram recorded in a parasternal long axis view revealing the right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium and proximal aorta, as well as septal and posterior wall thickness (double headed arrows).|NA";

Color B-mode of left atrial appendage | f03_03a-3b-3c.jpg | v03_003a.mov |Transesophageal echocardiogram concentrating on the left atrial appendage in a patient with atrial fibrillation, demonstrating the effect of B-mode color. The upper panel was recorded in routine gray scale and the middle and bottom panels using B-mode color. Note the more obvious nature of the left atrial appendage thrombus and associated spontaneous contrast in the B-mode color images.|LAA";

Color B-mode of left atrial appendage | f03_03a-3b-3c.jpg | v03_003b.mov |Transesophageal echocardiogram concentrating on the left atrial appendage in a patient with atrial fibrillation, demonstrating the effect of B-mode color. The upper panel was recorded in routine gray scale and the middle and bottom panels using B-mode color. Note the more obvious nature of the left atrial appendage thrombus and associated spontaneous contrast in the B-mode color images.|LAA";

Color B-mode of left atrial appendage | f03-03AC.jpg | v03_003c.mov|Transesophageal echocardiogram concentrating on the left atrial appendage in a patient with atrial fibrillation, demonstrating the effect of B-mode color. The upper panel was recorded in routine gray scale and the middle and bottom panels using B-mode color. Note the more obvious nature of the left atrial appendage thrombus and associated spontaneous contrast in the B-mode color images.|LAA";

Color B-mode of left ventricle | f03_004a.jpg | v03_004a.mov | Apical four chamber view recorded in a patient with the apical variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in routine gray scale (upper panel) and with B-mode color (lower panel). Note the more obvious nature of the apical hypertrophy in the B-mode color image|HCM";

Color B-mode of left ventricle | f03_004a.jpg | v03_004b.mov | Apical four chamber view recorded in a patient with the apical variant of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in routine gray scale (upper panel) and with B-mode color (lower panel). Note the more obvious nature of the apical hypertrophy in the B-mode color image|HCM";

Color Doppler of mitral regurgitation | f03_009.jpg | v03_009.mov | Transthoracic parasternal long axis echocardiogram with color flow Doppler recorded in a patient with moderate to severe mitral regurgitation. Note the pyramidal shape region of interest in which color Doppler is performed, superimposed on the parasternal long axis view of the left ventricle. Also note the frame rate of 16 Hz which is substantially slower than the frame rate of 58 Hz recorded for this image without color Doppler. |MR";

Color Doppler tissue imaging | f03_012A_012B.JPG | v03_012a-12b.mov | Transthoracic parasternal long axis view of the left ventricle using color Doppler tissue imaging to saturate the myocardial signature. The upper panel was recorded in diastole and the lower panel at end systole. Note that as the septum moves posteriorly it is encoded in blue, and as the posterior wall moves anteriorly in systole it is encoded in red.|DTI";

Three dimensional volumetric scan | f03_028a.jpg | v03_028a.mov | Real time volumetric scan from a transthoracic echocardiogram. This methodology involves a volumetric scan which collects four consecutive cardiac cycles and merges all data into a three dimensional volume set. The upper panel is the three dimensional volume set for the four cardiac cycles (note ECG). Note that this large three dimensional volume set does not reveal any interior cardiac anatomy and is not identifiable as a cardiac structure. In the lower panel the full three dimensional volume has been cropped (see Figure 3-31) so that the interior of the three dimensional volume has now been exposed. This three dimensional volume was collected from an apical transducer position and when 'sliced open,' the left ventricle and right atrium and ventricle are 'exposed'. A three dimensional volume set can be 'opened' in any imaging plane providing both long axis and short axis views of cardiac structures.|3D";

Three dimensional volumetric scan | f03_028a.jpg | v03_028b.mov | Real time volumetric scan from a transthoracic echocardiogram. This methodology involves a volumetric scan which collects four consecutive cardiac cycles and merges all data into a three dimensional volume set. The upper panel is the three dimensional volume set for the four cardiac cycles (note ECG). Note that this large three dimensional volume set does not reveal any interior cardiac anatomy and is not identifiable as a cardiac structure. In the lower panel the full three dimensional volume has been cropped (see Figure 3-31) so that the interior of the three dimensional volume has now been exposed. This three dimensional volume was collected from an apical transducer position and when 'sliced open,' the left ventricle and right atrium and ventricle are 'exposed'. A three dimensional volume set can be 'opened' in any imaging plane providing both long axis and short axis views of cardiac structures.|3D";

Three dimensional volumetric scan | f03_029.jpg | v03_029.mov | Real time three dimensional image recorded in a parasternal long axis view. With this methodology the volumetric scan is set to incorporate an approximate 90º sector which is approximately 20º in elevation. This provides real time three dimensional visualization of the cardiac structures as noted.|3D";

Real time bi-plane echocardiogram | f03_030a.jpg | v03_030a.mov | Real time biplane imaging using a three dimensional probe. Both the upper and lower panels were recorded from the parasternal transducer position. Note the ability to simultaneously visualize any two planes. In the upper panel a parasternal long axis and short axis view at the base of the heart, revealing the proximal aorta, is demonstrated. In the lower panel the second plane has been adjusted to intersect left ventricle at the level of the mitral valve. In each image set both images are simultaneously visualized in real time.|3D|NA";

Real time bi-plane echocardiogram | f03_030a.jpg | v03_030b.mov | Real time biplane imaging using a three dimensional probe. Both the upper and lower panels were recorded from the parasternal transducer position. Note the ability to simultaneously visualize any two planes. In the upper panel a parasternal long axis and short axis view at the base of the heart, revealing the proximal aorta, is demonstrated. In the lower panel the second plane has been adjusted to intersect left ventricle at the level of the mitral valve. In each image set both images are simultaneously visualized in real time.|3D|NA";

Three dimensional echocardiogram | f03_032.jpg | v03_032.mov | Full volume three dimensional data set from which a long axis and short axis view of the left ventricle have been extracted. The large upper figure represents the full three dimensional data set which has been cropped. The horizontal and vertical lines denote the direction of the extracted imaging planes which are demonstrated in the two lower images.|3D|NA";

Three dimensional echocardiogram | f03_033.jpg | v03_033.mov | Real time three dimensional image from the apex of the heart. Two orthogonal imaging planes (lines on the upper image) have been selected from which a traditional apical four and two chamber view have been extracted (two lower figures).|3D|CAD";

Three dimensional echocardiogram | f03_034.jpg | v03_034.mov | Cropped full volume three dimensional data set recorded in a patient with ischemic cardiomyopathy. The data set has been cropped through the midpoint of the left ventricle and shows a dilated hypokinetic left ventricle.|3D|CAD";

Intracardiac echocardiogram | f03_039a.jpg | v03_039a.mov | Images from a intracardiac two dimensional imaging device recorded at the time of atrial septal puncture for performance of an electrophysicalogic procedure. The upper panel depicts the transeptal needle (arrow) as it is puncturing the atrial septum near the foramen ovale. Note at the time of puncture it is 'tenting' the atrial septal tissue. The lower panel was recorded after passing a sheath from the right atrium to the left atrium for subsequent passage of electrophysologic catheters.|ICE|EMP";

Intracardiac echocardiogram | f03_039a.jpg | v03_039b.mov | Images from a intracardiac two dimensional imaging device recorded at the time of atrial septal puncture for performance of an electrophysicalogic procedure. The upper panel depicts the transeptal needle (arrow) as it is puncturing the atrial septum near the foramen ovale. Note at the time of puncture it is 'tenting' the atrial septal tissue. The lower panel was recorded after passing a sheath from the right atrium to the left atrium for subsequent passage of electrophysologic catheters.|ICE|EMP";

Digital viewing formats | f03_046.jpg | v03_046.mov | Typical quad screen image format available from a digital echo review station. In this image, four different views from a resting two-dimensional echocardiogram are viewed in a quad screen format allowing immediate comparison of wall motion in all sixteen segments.|";

Digital viewing formats | f03_047.jpg | v03_047.mov | Quad screen view of apical four and two chamber views recorded at rest (left panels) and with stress (right panels). The resting images are identical to the images presented in Figure 3-46, and have been 'scrambled' to allow side by side comparison of rest and stress images.|SE";

Cardioland: Echo Bank

Societies:

Journals:

References:

Usefull Stuff:

Echocardiographic Techniques And Specialized Methods